The earliest May Day celebrations appeared in pre-Christian times, with the Floralia, festival of Flora, the Roman goddess of flowers, held on April 27 during the Roman Republic era, and with the Walpurgis Night celebrations of the Germanic countries. It is also associated with the Gaelic Beltane, most commonly held on April 30. The day was a traditional summer holiday in many pre-Christian European pagan cultures. While February 1 was the first day of spring, May 1 was the first day of summer; hence, the summer solstice on June 25 (now June 21) was Midsummer.
As Europe became Christianised, the pagan holidays lost their religious character and May Day changed into a popular secular celebration. A significant celebration of May Day occurs in Germany where it is one of several days on which St. Walburga, credited with bringing Christianity to Germany, is celebrated. The secular versions of May Day, observed in Europe and America, may be best known for their traditions of dancing around the maypole and crowning the Queen of May. Fading in popularity since the late 20th century is the giving of "May baskets," small baskets of sweets or flowers, usually left anonymously on neighbours' doorsteps.
Since the 18th century, many Roman Catholics have observed May – and May Day – with various May devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary. In works of art, school skits, and so forth, Mary's head will often be adorned with flowers in a May crowning. May 1 is also one of two feast days of the Catholic patron saint of workers St Joseph the Worker, a carpenter, husband to Mother Mary, and surrogate father of Jesus. Replacing another feast to St. Joseph, this date was chosen by Pope Pius XII in 1955 as a counterpoint to the communist International Workers Day celebrations on May Day.
In the late 20th century, many neopagans began reconstructing traditions and celebrating May Day as a pagan religious festival.
最早的五一慶祝活動出現(xiàn)了前基督教時代,與Floralia,植物,花卉,羅馬共和國時期4月27日舉行的羅馬女神的節(jié)日,并與日耳曼國家沃爾帕吉斯夜慶?;顒?。它也與蓋爾朔有關(guān),最常見于4月30日在眾多前歐洲基督教異教文化傳統(tǒng)的暑假。而2月1日是春天的第一天,5月1日是夏天的第一天;因此,6月25日夏至(現(xiàn)為6月21日)是盛夏。
隨著歐洲成為基督教化,異教節(jié)日失去了他們的宗教性質(zhì)和五一變成一個流行的世俗慶典。五一節(jié)的慶祝顯著發(fā)生在德國地方是幾天上圣沃爾布加,將基督教傳入德國貸記,慶祝之一。五一的世俗版本,在歐洲和美國觀察到的,可能對他們周圍的五朔節(jié)花柱跳舞,加冕五月女王傳統(tǒng)最為著名。自20世紀(jì)后期流行衰落“五月籃子”,甜食或花的小籃子,通常是在鄰居的家門口留下匿名的捐贈。
18世紀(jì)以來,許多羅馬天主教徒觀察日 - 和五一節(jié) - 各種五月奉獻(xiàn)給圣母瑪利亞。在藝術(shù)上,學(xué)校短劇等等作品,瑪麗的頭經(jīng)常會用在加冕五月鮮花裝飾。 5月1日也是工人圣若瑟工人,木匠,丈夫圣母瑪利亞和耶穌的養(yǎng)父天主教守護(hù)神兩個節(jié)日之一。更換另一盛宴圣約瑟夫,這個日期在1955年被選為教皇庇護(hù)十二的對位對五一共產(chǎn)主義國際勞動節(jié)慶祝活動。
在20世紀(jì)后期,許多neopagans開始重建傳統(tǒng)和慶祝五一節(jié)作為一個異教徒的宗教節(jié)日。
May Queen on village green, Melmerby, England
Children dancing around a maypole as part of a May Day celebration in Welwyn, England
Traditional English May Day rites and celebrations include Morris dancing, crowning a May Queen and celebrations involving a maypole. Much of this tradition derives from the pagan Anglo-Saxon customs held during "Trimilci-mōnat"[6] (the Old English name for the month of May meaning Month of Three Milkings) along with many Celtic traditions[citation needed].
Dancing the May Pole at Llanelwedd in Wales, 1909.
May Day has been a traditional day of festivities throughout the centuries. May Day is most associated with towns and villages celebrating springtime fertility (of the soil, livestock, and people) and revelry with village fetes and community gatherings. Seeding has been completed by this date and it was convenient to give farm labourers a day off. Perhaps the most significant of the traditions is the maypole, around which traditional dancers circle with ribbons.
The May Day bank holiday, on the first Monday in May, was traditionally the only one to affect the state school calendar. In 2008, when Easter Sunday fell very early on 23 March, some schools broke up after Easter to even out the length of school terms. This meant that Good Friday (a common law holiday) and Easter Monday (a bank holiday), which vary from year to year, were days off. A repetition is not planned for 2016, when Easter Sunday is 27 March. The spring bank holiday on the first Monday in May was created in 1978; May Day itself – May 1 – is not a public holiday in England (unless it falls on a Monday). In February 2011, the UK Parliament was reported to be considering scrapping the bank holiday associated with May Day, replacing it with a bank holiday in October, possibly coinciding with Trafalgar Day (celebrated on October 21), to create a "United Kingdom Day.
五月皇后村綠,Melmerby,英格蘭
傳統(tǒng)的英國五一節(jié)儀式和慶?;顒影锼刮瑁用嵛逶屡鹾蜕婕拔逅饭?jié)花柱慶?;顒?。大部分這種傳統(tǒng)的從眾多傳統(tǒng)凱爾特人[來源請求]沿著“Trimilci-mōnat”[6](舊英文名稱為三個擠奶的含義月月月)期間舉辦的異教徒盎格魯 - 撒克遜海關(guān)派生的。
五一節(jié)一直是慶?;顒拥膫鹘y(tǒng)一天整個世紀(jì)。五一最有城鎮(zhèn)和村莊慶祝春天的生育(土壤,家畜和人)和狂歡與村祝宴和社區(qū)集會有關(guān)。播種已經(jīng)完成了這個日期,這是方便給雇農(nóng)一天。也許傳統(tǒng)的最顯著的是五朔節(jié)花柱,圍繞傳統(tǒng)舞蹈圈用絲帶。
五一節(jié),第一個星期一五月,傳統(tǒng)上影響到公立學(xué)校日歷上唯一的一個。 2008年,當(dāng)復(fù)活節(jié)在3月23日很早就倒下了,一些學(xué)校分手后的復(fù)活節(jié),甚至出學(xué)期的長度。這意味著,耶穌受難日(普通法假期)和復(fù)活節(jié)星期一(銀行假期),從去年有所不同的一年,是休息日。重復(fù)不是計劃2016年,當(dāng)復(fù)活節(jié)是3月27日。在五月的第一個星期一的春季銀行假日是在1978年創(chuàng)造的;五一節(jié)本身 - 5月1日 - 不是在英國公共假日(除非它是星期一)。在2011年2月,英國議會報告將考慮取消與五一相關(guān)的銀行假日,10月份銀行假日替換它,可能與特拉法加日重合(慶祝10月21日),來創(chuàng)建一個“英國日。
Celebrations among the younger generations take place on May Day Eve, see Walpurgis Night in Finland, most prominent being the afternoon "crowning" of statues in towns around the country with a student cap.
May Day is known as Vappu in Finnish. This is a public holiday that is the only carnival-style street festivity in the country. People young and old, particularly students, party outside, picnic and wear caps or other decorative clothing.
Some Finns make a special lemonade from lemons, brown sugar, and yeast called "sima." It contains very little alcohol, so even children can drink it. A similar product can also be bought in all stores. Some Finns also make doughnuts and a crisp pastry fried in oil made from a similar, more liquid dough.
Balloons and other decorations like paper streamers are seen everywhere.
在年輕一代中的慶?;顒影l(fā)生在五一勞動節(jié)前夕,看到沃爾帕吉斯夜在芬蘭,最突出的是下午在城鎮(zhèn)雕像“加冕”在全國各地與學(xué)生帽。
五一節(jié)被稱為Vappu在芬蘭。這是一個公眾假期,這是全國唯一的狂歡節(jié)風(fēng)情街喜氣。年輕人和老年人,尤其是學(xué)生,黨內(nèi)黨外,野餐和磨損瓶蓋或其他裝飾性的衣服。
一些芬蘭人使從檸檬,紅糖和酵母稱為一個特殊的檸檬水“西瑪”。它含有非常少的酒精,所以即使孩子可以喝。類似的產(chǎn)品也可以在所有的商店里買回來。有些芬蘭人也使甜甜圈和油炸酥糕點從類似,流動性更強(qiáng)的面團(tuán)制成。
氣球等裝飾品像紙幡是隨處可見。
On May 1, 1561, King Charles IX of France received a lily of the valley as a lucky charm. He decided to offer a lily of the valley each year to the ladies of the court. At the beginning of the 20th century, it became custom to give a sprig of lily of the valley, a symbol of springtime, on May 1. The government permits individuals and workers' organisations to sell them tax-free. Nowadays, people may present loved ones either with bunches of lily of the valley or dog rose flowers.
在15615月1日,法國國王查理九世收到的山谷百合作為幸運符。他決定每年提供山谷百合向的侍女。在20世紀(jì)初,它成為習(xí)慣給鈴蘭的小樹枝,春天的象征,在5月1日,政府允許個人和工人組織向他們出售免稅。如今,人們可能會出現(xiàn)親人無論是與山谷或狗百合一束玫瑰鮮花。
Many areas keep this tradition alive today. The oldest unbroken tradition is Hayfield, Derbyshire based on a much older May Fair. Another notable event includes the one in the Brentham Garden Suburb, England which hosts it annually. It has the second oldest unbroken tradition although the May Queen of All London Festival at Hayes Common in Bromley is a close contender. A May Day festival is held on the village green at Aldborough, North Yorkshire on a site that dates back to Roman times and the settlement of Isurium Brigantum. A May queen is selected from a group of 13 upward girls by the young dancers. She returns the next year to crown the new May Queen and stays in the procession. The largest event in this tradition in modern Britain is the Beltane Fire Festival in Edinburgh, Scotland.
A May Day celebration held annually since 1870 in New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada has the distinction of being the longest running May Day celebration of its kind in the British Commonwealth.
今天許多地區(qū)仍然保持著傳統(tǒng)。最古老的完整的傳統(tǒng)是海菲爾德,德比郡基于的勞動節(jié)源于更早。另一個值得注意的事件包括在brentham花園郊區(qū)之一,英國每年主辦。它雖然可能是倫敦海因斯女王節(jié)中常見的布羅姆利是一個接近的競爭對手第二古老完整的傳統(tǒng)。勞動節(jié)是在村里的綠色在奧爾德伯勒舉行,北約克郡的一個網(wǎng)站,可追溯到羅馬時代和伊蘇利姆brigantum結(jié)算。五月女王是選自13上女孩的年輕舞者。她返回明年皇冠新五月皇后和停留在游行。在現(xiàn)代英國,在這個傳統(tǒng)中最大的事件是愛丁堡朔火節(jié),蘇格蘭。
一個五一慶?;顒用磕昱e行一次,自1870以來在新威斯敏斯特,不列顛哥倫比亞,加拿大是運行時間最長的可以在英聯(lián)邦的一天慶?;顒拥膮^(qū)別。
Working!
The world is most likely close to the soil
And soil, as well as men and women相依為命
Their way to work
Sincere dialogue with the world
They had been drifting all local
History of the development of both the growth and evolution
Rich natural and easy
The mountain they stand
Uncultivated land in the jungle
A green dye
Chase the deer living in the mountains
mountain wind in the tall and straight tree of vigorous
Closest to the sun in a place
Sick
They live
River valley
Estrus and the convergence of water with
Will ease the birth of the ship-wan fish靈秀
At dawn and dusk all
Harvest happiness and serenity
Under normal circumstances
Workers
Gracilaria Pattaya a few homes will be surrounded
Used to love to see the kind of attention
Crop Watch
Men like to use wine
Women choose to use tear
Expression of passion for life
Workers in poverty is not stripped of their possessions are
Workers are energetic and full of able-bodied
So boom generation has created a proliferation of人丁
Also created a dance, poetry and paradise
-- 勞動者!
天下最容易接近的是泥土
以及和泥土相依為命的男人和女人
他們以勞動的方式
同這個世界真情對話
他們漂泊過的所有地方
都生長發(fā)展史和進(jìn)化論
蘊(yùn)含豐富且平易自然
他們依山而立
叢林草莽中
染一身翠綠
山地里逐鹿生活
寒風(fēng)中圍獵山的蒼勁樹的挺拔
在最靠近太陽的地方
頂天立地
他們傍水而居
江河溪谷中
柔情似水
人與水動情的匯合在一起
便誕生緩?fù)竦拇`秀的魚
在所有的黎明和黃昏
收獲幸福和安祥
通常情況下
勞動者
幾根蘺芭便圍成家園
習(xí)慣用看愛人的那種目光
守望收成
男人喜歡用酒
女人選擇用淚
表達(dá)對生命的一往情深
勞動者的貧窮是身無長物
勞動者的富有是精力充沛且體格健壯
因此創(chuàng)造了人丁興旺世代繁衍
也創(chuàng)造了舞蹈、詩歌和天堂
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